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Kumar, Saurav
- Unravelling the Hidden Truth from Vigukot in the Great Rann of Kachchh, Western India by Surface and Sub-Surface Mapping
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PDF Views:124
Authors
Javed N. Malik
1,
Mahendrasinh S. Gadhavi
2,
Sravanthi Satuluri
3,
Saurav Kumar
3,
Santiswarup Sahoo
4,
Bhuvan Vikrama
5
Affiliations
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016, IN
2 Civil Engineering Department, L. D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
3 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016, IN
4 Department of Geology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar 751 004, IN
5 Archaeological Survey of India, Agra Circle, Agra 282 002, IN
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016, IN
2 Civil Engineering Department, L. D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
3 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016, IN
4 Department of Geology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar 751 004, IN
5 Archaeological Survey of India, Agra Circle, Agra 282 002, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 113, No 10 (2017), Pagination: 1906-1917Abstract
The Vigukot Fort is in ruins lying along the northern fringe of the Great Rann of Kachchh, Gujarat, India This settlement is located on the left bank of the palaeochannel of the Nara river – a tributary of River Indus. We conducted Real Time Kinematics and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) surveys for surface and subsurface. The digital elevation model (DEM) reveals an average elevation ranging from 2 to 4 m from mean sea-level. Two elevated areas: EA1 (site 1) and EA2 (site 2) represent residential areas in the township. EA1 located on higher ground (3–4 m amsl) in the eastern portion comprised of a housing complex of larger dimensions. Two rooms with an area of 650 and 250 sq. ft respectively, possibly indicative of living rooms attached with a courtyard suggest that highranked authorities occupied this portion of the township. EA2 with low-elevation (3 m amsl) marked by a smaller residential complex may be indicative of a trade complex along the western flank of the township. On the basis of 3D GPR survey we infer two levels of settlement at EA1 and one level of settlement at EA2. EA1 remained as a residential complex as reflected from both the levels, whereas EA2 was a trading complex close to the main gateway G1. Probably two scenarios prevailed: (1) Both areas flourished likewise at the first level and might have got disturbed by an earthquake; later EA1 may have been reoccupied while EA2 was left to be an open trading complex at the second level (recent). (2) During the first level of occupancy, EA1 was probably a residential complex (having enclosed walls), and EA2 might be the trading complex (with partially enclosed walls lying opposite to G1). Both the areas were affected during the disaster, and the second level of occupancy EA1 was rebuilt and occupied, whereas EA2 was used without renovation. Moreover, the 1819 earthquake probably destroyed both the areas completely and led to their abandonment.Keywords
Ground Penetrating Radar Survey, Regression of Settlements, Surface and Subsurface Mapping.Full Text
References
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- Effect of Periphyton (aquamat Installation) in the Profitability of Semi-intensive Shrimp Culture Systems
Abstract Views :235 |
PDF Views:128
Authors
V. Santhana Kumar
1,
P. K. Pandey
2,
Saurav Kumar
1,
T. Anand
3,
Boriah Suryakumar
4,
Rathi Bhuvaneswari
1
Affiliations
1 Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai, Maharastra-400061, IN
2 College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, Agartala, Tripura- 799210, IN
3 Department of Fisheries Science, College of Fisheries Engineering, Tamilnadu Fisheries University, Nagapattinam-611001, Tamilnadu, IN
4 HitideSeafarms, Mahendrapalli, Nagapattinam- 611001, Tamilnadu, IN
1 Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai, Maharastra-400061, IN
2 College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, Agartala, Tripura- 799210, IN
3 Department of Fisheries Science, College of Fisheries Engineering, Tamilnadu Fisheries University, Nagapattinam-611001, Tamilnadu, IN
4 HitideSeafarms, Mahendrapalli, Nagapattinam- 611001, Tamilnadu, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Economics and Development, Vol 7, No 1 (2019), Pagination: 1-9Abstract
Objectives: In the present study, economic analysis of with and without periphyton substrate (aquamat installation) as treatment and control, respectively, was evaluated with semi-intensive culture (stocking density 20 numbers m-2) of Penaeus vannamei. Total duration of the culture was 120 days.
Methods/Statistical analysis: Economic parameters of both ponds were estimated via fixed cost, variable cost and gross revenues, and performance indicators such as benefit cost-ratio (BCR), net profit, break-even price, rate of return on investment, rate of return on operating cost, production per man day and contribution margin were calculated based on the profitability and the capital investment. The primary data was used for the calculation and the experiment was carried out in duplicates.
Findings: The capital investment for periphyton (US$ 23192, INR 62.5= US$) was higher than the control pond (US$ 17544). Higher production in periphyton pond resulted in the increased net income generation by 35.4 % than the control. Periphyton improves the economic return (US$ 18021; BCR – 2.3) of the semi-intensive shrimp farming and reduced the breakeven point (496) and feed cost (US$ 7426) of the culture pond. This indicates that the aquamat installation in semi-intensive shrimp culture system is a profitable venture and paves the way to attain sustainable intensification in the shrimp farming sector. The study was conducted on the field; it depicts the exact scenario of the profitability of aquamat installation when compared to the laboratory trial.
Application/Improvements: This technology also reduces and recycles the wastes, so it can also be applied as economically viable effluent treatment system for shrimp farming.
Keywords
Economics, Benefit-Cost Ratio, Penaeus Vannamei, Periphyton, Shrimp Farming, Semi-Intensive Culture.Full Text
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